"ruken" meaning in Middle Dutch

See ruken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Old Dutch *rūcan, from Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną. Etymology templates: {{inh|dum|odt|*rūcan}} Old Dutch *rūcan, {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*reukan}} Proto-West Germanic *reukan, {{inh|dum|gem-pro|*reukaną}} Proto-Germanic *reukaną Head templates: {{head|dum|verb|head=|head2=}} ruken, {{dum-verb}} ruken Inflection templates: {{dum-conj-st|ruk|rôk|rōk|gerōken|class=2}} Forms: strong [table-tags], ruken [infinitive], rukens [genitive, infinitive], rukene [dative, infinitive], ruke [first-person, present, singular], rôoc [first-person, past, singular], ruucs [present, second-person, singular], rukes [present, second-person, singular], rōocs [past, second-person, singular], rōkes [past, second-person, singular], ruuct [present, singular, third-person], ruket [present, singular, third-person], rôoc [past, singular, third-person], ruken [first-person, plural, present], rōken [first-person, past, plural], ruuct [plural, present, second-person], ruket [plural, present, second-person], rōoct [past, plural, second-person], rōket [past, plural, second-person], ruken [plural, present, third-person], rōken [past, plural, third-person], rōke [first-person, past, singular], ruke [present, singular, third-person], rōke [past, singular, third-person], ruuc [present, singular], ruke [present, singular], ruuct [plural, present], ruket [plural, present], rukende [participle, present], gerōken [participle, past]
  1. to smell, to perceive a smell
    Sense id: en-ruken-dum-verb-TCbJyyNV Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 50
  2. to smell, to emit a smell
    Sense id: en-ruken-dum-verb-waL7Ke1Y Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 50
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: rieken, riken

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "ruiken",
            "3": "rieken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: ruiken, rieken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: ruiken, rieken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "ruik"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: ruik",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: ruik"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "ruke"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: ruke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: ruke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*rūcan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *rūcan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*reukan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *reukan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*reukaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reukaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *rūcan, from Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rôoc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruucs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōocs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōkes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rôoc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōoct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ruken",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ruken",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ruk",
        "2": "rôk",
        "3": "rōk",
        "4": "gerōken",
        "class": "2"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to smell, to perceive a smell"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruken-dum-verb-TCbJyyNV",
      "links": [
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to smell, to emit a smell"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruken-dum-verb-waL7Ke1Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rieken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "riken"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruken"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch class 2 strong verbs",
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "ruiken",
            "3": "rieken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: ruiken, rieken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: ruiken, rieken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "ruik"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: ruik",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: ruik"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "ruke"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: ruke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: ruke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*rūcan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *rūcan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*reukan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *reukan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*reukaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reukaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *rūcan, from Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rôoc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruucs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōocs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōkes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rôoc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōoct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ruken",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ruken",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ruk",
        "2": "rôk",
        "3": "rōk",
        "4": "gerōken",
        "class": "2"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to smell, to perceive a smell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to smell, to emit a smell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "rieken"
    },
    {
      "word": "riken"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruken"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ruken meaning in Middle Dutch (4.6kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.